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Friedrich Engels

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11/07/2024
Manifest Komunistyczny cover

Manifest Komunistyczny

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Manifest Komunistyczny, napisany przez Karla Marxa oraz Friedricha Engelsa, przedstawia krytykę głównego sytemu ekonomicznego państw Europy XIX wieku – kapitalizmu. Analizując społeczeństwo pod kątem teorii krytycznej, Marx i Engels ukazują problemy i sprzeczności obecnej w tamtych czasach hierarchii społecznej, poprzez zwrócenie uwagi na antagonizm klasowy pomiędzy burżuazją, klasą panującą, a proletariatem, klasą robotniczą. Filozofia przedstawiona przez obu autorów miała ogromny wpływ na reformy polityczne, które poprawiły standardy pracy robotników państw rozwiniętych, od zakazania pracy dzieci po ustanowienie weekendu. Mimo upływu czasu, teorie Marxa i Engelsa używane do analiz socjologicznych do dziś, potrafiąc odkryć problemy naszego społeczeństwa, na które wcześniej nie zwróciliśmy uwagi.     [chương_files]  

08/07/2024
Communist Manifesto (version 2) cover

Communist Manifesto (version 2)

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The Communist Manifesto was conceived as an outline of the basic beliefs of the Communist movement. The authors believed that the European Powers were universally afraid of the nascent movement, and were condemning as “communist,” people or activities that did not actually conform to what the Communists believed. This Manifesto, then, became a manual for their beliefs. In it we find Marx and Engel’s rehearsal of the idea that Capital has stolen away the work of the artisan and peasant by building up factories to produce goods cheaply. The efficiency of Capital depends, then, on the wage laborers who staff the factories and how little they will accept in order to have work. This concentrates power and money in a Bourgeois class that profits from the disunity of workers (Proletarians), who only receive a subsistence wage. If workers unite in a class struggle against the bourgeois, using riot and strikes as weapons, they will eventually overthrow the bourgeois and replace them as a ruling class. Communists further believe in and lay out a system of reforms to transform into a classless, stateless society, thus distinguishing themselves from various flavors of Socialism, which would be content to have workers remain the ruling class after the revolution. The Manifesto caused a huge amount of discussion for its support for a forcible overthrow of the existing politics and society. (Summary by Mark F. Smith)     [chương_files]