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13/07/2024
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Ukrainians and the European War

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Chapter: 10 | Listen: 6

The WWI (European war) for Ukrainians was the hope of its nation unity and freedom from Austria-Hungary but mostly from Russian Empire. Galicia was the bone in the throat for Russian government because Austria-Hungary provided Ukrainians with permission for their national development on its territory. Thanks to this Ukrainian patriotic literature spread all over the Ukrainian territories. Ukrainians who were trapped under Russian regime were inspired by the thought of their independence. Russia, fearing of riots and protests, pushed their propaganda about oppression of the Russians by Austria-Hungary in Galicia to annex it. This was the threshold of the European war. Meanwhile, realizing the inevitability of the war between Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary, Ukrainian people all as one started to prepare for the struggle for their freedom. (Summary by Anastasiia Solokha)     [chương_files]  

12/07/2024
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Ukraina and the Peace-conference

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Chapter: 8 | Listen: 4

The 19th century was the Golden Age of Nationalism in Europe. By the end of the century many countries achieved their national self-determination. But the asunder of the territories was still a cause of dispute which led to the Great War (WWI) in 1914. Ukrainian nationalism reached its peak in the early years of the 20th century. The Great War was the opportunity of the nation to obtain its unification and liberty from Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary which kept Ukraine under their reign for decades. Ukrainian intelligentsia and peasants of all ages and genders from both parts of the divided Ukraine united for a common goal – the independence of Ukraine. Ukrainian National Republic was created as the result of the struggle. Despite the large population of this nation, UNR still had to fight for its recognition by the world. – Summary by Anastasiia Solokha     [chương_files]  

03/07/2024
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Europe and Elsewhere

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Chapter: 38 | Listen: 3

This collection of articles came from Mark Twain’s travels and experiences abroad. While many had been previously published, there also were many that had never before seen the light of day…which one reviewer said had never been Twain’s intent for them, having consigned them to obscurity. With introductory essays by Brander Matthews and Albert Bigelow Paine, the book paints a clear picture of the complexity and wide variety of Samuel L. Clemens’ thinking, where it originated and how it developed.     [chương_files]  

25/05/2024
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Last Secrets

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Chapter: 13 | Listen: 8

The author, John Buchan, maintains that “the main lines of the earth’s architecture have been determined” during the first two decades of the twentieth century, and all that remains is but “amplifying our knowledge of the groyning and buttresses and stone-work.” In this history of exploration, he tells of nine of those momentous final discoveries that placed the earth’s last big secrets firmly on the map, from the mysterious “cloud city” of Lhasa, to the slopes–but not yet the summit–of Mount Everest. – Summary by Steven Seitel     [chương_files]  

24/05/2024
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Syria: the Desert and the Sown

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Chapter: 15 | Listen: 4

Gertrude Bell’s Syria: The Desert and the Sown describes her travels in the Levant (also called Greater Syria) during the first years of the 20th century. In this vivid and painstakingly documented narrative, Bell recounts her visits to Damascus, Jerusalem, Beirut, Antioch and Alexandretta, as well as the time she spent in the deserts of the region. Fluent in Arabic and several other languages, Bell brings to her account a level of insight beyond the reach of an average travel writer. She would later go on to play a highly influential role in the politics of the Middle East, drawing on the knowledge and personal connections she built up during these and other travels. The text is accompanied by numerous photographs taken by the author. (Summary by Kazbek)     [chương_files]  

21/05/2024
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Ascent of Denali

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Chapter: 10 | Listen: 4

The story of the First Ascent of Denali by Hudson Stuck, Harry Karstens, Walter Harper and Robert Tatum in 1913, recorded in celebration of the restoration of the mountain’s original name. ( summary by Fritz)     [chương_files]