Visha Vahini is a social drama novel which reflects the ‘social relationships’ in southern India in early 1900’s. The main character in this novel falls in love with his class mate and friend. When he learns that she gets married to one of his peers, he gets disheartened and denounces everything in life. The story tells the importance of detachment. The author depicts how obsessive attachment and repenting is like a flow of poison. (Summary by Swapna) [chương_files]
Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution gives each house of Congress power to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, and to punish members for “disorderly behavior.” Between 1793 and 1990, more than 200 senators faced challenges to their credentials based on their qualifications for office and alleged irregularities in their elections; or discipline for offenses ranging from public corruption, to giving aid and comfort to the Confederacy, to bringing dishonor upon the Senate in myriad other ways, or for pure political spite. As researched and written by staff of the Congressional Research Service, these are their stories. The arc of the book, each case told in chronological order, traces not only the tenor and politics of the times, but the evolution of the Senate’s own thinking about what it means to be a United States Senator. – Summary by Joanne Turner. [chương_files]
“Lo Catalanisme” és l’obra de referència de Valentí Almirall i va suposar l’arrencada del catalanisme polític o nacionalisme català a finals del segle XIX. Partint de l’anàlisi de països com els Estats Units o Suïssa, la seva proposta era, des de Catalunya i amb el concepte de “particularisme”, influir en el conjunt d’Espanya per descentralitzar el país i convertir-lo en una federació d’entitats equivalents i força autònomes. Va influir enormement en els personatges i les forces polítiques que van liderar el catalanisme durant les primeres dècades del segle XX, malgrat aquestes forces eren conservadores i no van seguir els seus postulats federals d’esquerres. “Lo Catalanisme” is the reference work of Valentí Almirall and marked the beginning of political Catalanism or Catalan nationalism at the end of the 19th century. Based on the analysis of the political systems of countries such as the United States or Switzerland, his proposal was, from Catalonia and with the concept of “particularism”, to influence the whole of Spain to decentralize the country and turn it into a federation of equivalent and fairly autonomous entities. He greatly influenced the figures and political forces that led Catalanism during the first decades of the twentieth century, although these forces were conservative and did not follow their leftish federal postulates. (Introducción por Josep Maria Camps Collet) [chương_files]
The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, typically delivered annually. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. This album contains recordings of addresses from Benjamin Harrison. – Summary by Wikipedia [chương_files]
Diese Sammlung umfasst 15 deutschsprachige Prosa-Texte verschiedener Genres. Der Halskragen übersetzt von Julius Reuscher [chương_files]
Het boek bevat raadgevingen voor vorsten over hoe ze hun staat moeten besturen. De voornaamste bezigheid van de vorst moest volgens hem het bemachtigen, consolideren en in stand houden van zijn macht zijn. Hij was vol bewondering voor grote staatsmannen, omdat ze eenheid, orde, vrede en voorspoed brachten voor de bevolking. Hij maakte een onderscheid tussen de heersers en het volk; tussen degenen die willen heersen en degenen die niet beheerst willen worden. Hij koos duidelijk de kant van de heersers. Machiavelli was op zoek naar een principe nuovo (nieuwe vorst) om de vreemdelingen te verdrijven en Italië te herenigen. Hiermee had hij voornamelijk de Katholieke Kerk op het oog, die hij het liefst verbannen zag uit de Florentijnse stadstaat. Hij wijdde zijn leven aan het Italiaanse vaderland en wilde dat Italië opnieuw zo groot en machtig werd als het oude Rome. Machiavelli staat bekend om amorele machtspolitiek op basis van staatsmacht, militaire kracht en een open oog voor machtsuitbreiding. – Summary by Wikipedia [chương_files]
It was Godwin, in his Enquiry concerning Political Justice (2 vols., 1793), who was the first to formulate the political and economical conceptions of anarchism, even though he did not give that name to the ideas developed in his remarkable work. Laws, he wrote, are not a product of the wisdom of our ancestors: they are the product of their passions, their timidity, their jealousies and their ambition. The remedy they offer is worse than the evils they pretend to cure. – Summary by Peter Kropotkin [chương_files]
Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Men (1790) attacks aristocracy and advocates republicanism. It was published in response to Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), which was a defence of constitutional monarchy, aristocracy, and the Church of England, and an attack on Wollstonecraft’s friend, the Rev Richard Price. Hers was the first response in a pamphlet war that subsequently became known as the Revolution Controversy, in which Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man (1792) became the rallying cry for reformers and radicals. Wollstonecraft attacked not only monarchy and hereditary privilege but also the language that Burke used to defend and elevate it. Wollstonecraft was unique in her attack on Burke’s gendered language. In her arguments for republican virtue, Wollstonecraft invokes an emerging middle-class ethos in opposition to what she views as the vice-ridden aristocratic code of manners. Influenced by Enlightenment thinkers, she believed in progress and derides Burke for relying on tradition and custom. She argues for rationality. The Rights of Men was Wollstonecraft’s first overtly political work, as well as her first feminist work; as Wollstonecraft scholar Claudia L.Johnson contends, “it seems that in the act of writing the later portions of Rights of Men she discovered the subject that would preoccupy her for the rest of her career.” It was this text that made her a well-known writer. (Note: For the sake of clarity in listening the author’s extensive and informative footnotes have been omitted in this recording.) – Summary by David Wales […]
The Sun Also Rises (1926) was Hemingway’s first novel to be published, though there is his novella The Torrents of Spring which was published earlier in the same year. The novel describes, expressed through the voice of Jake Barnes, a short period of social life that ranges from Paris to locations in Spain. One might say that the action occurs in Pamplona, Spain with the annual festival of San Fermin and its running of bulls and subsequent days of bullfights, but one can easily argue that the real interest of the novel is in its portrayal of the group to which Barnes is a part and how he details their anxieties, frailties, hopes, and frustrations. (Summary by KevinS) [chương_files]
It was Godwin, in his Enquiry concerning Political Justice (2 vols., 1793), who was the first to formulate the political and economical conceptions of anarchism, even though he did not give that name to the ideas developed in his remarkable work. Laws, he wrote, are not a product of the wisdom of our ancestors: they are the product of their passions, their timidity, their jealousies and their ambition. The remedy they offer is worse than the evils they pretend to cure. – Summary by Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921) [chương_files]
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