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Kallikak Family

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Psychology
Chapter: 7 | Listen: 3

The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness, written by famous American psychologist and eugenicist Henry H. Goddard, is a famous but controversial extended case study following the Kallikak family (a pseudonym from the Greek words Kallos “beauty” and Kakos “bad”) for the inheritance of “feeble-mindedness,” a general category referring to a variety of mental disabilities including mental disabilities, learning disabilities, and mental illness. Goddard concluded that a variety of mental traits were hereditary and society should limit reproduction by people possessing these traits, which in turn helped to spur on the destructive eugenics movement, especially in the United States. Note: For the charts printed in Chapter II and referred to throughout the text, please refer to a visual copy of the book. – Summary by Mary Kay and Wikipedia [chương_files]

Dish of Orts: Chiefly Papers on the Imagination, and on Shakespeare

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Essays & Short Works, Literary Criticism
Chapter: 18 | Listen: 4

Readers of George MacDonald are used to his engaging story-telling, winsome characters, and simple theology of trust in God as Father. But this book shows a different side of MacDonald. A Dish of Orts is a varied collection of essays, mostly in the nature of literary criticism. These essays are, in MacDonald’s words, “but fragmentary presentments of larger meditation.” – Summary by Devorah Allen [chương_files]

Coffee Break Collection 032 – Wilderness

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Essays & Short Works, Short Stories
Chapter: 20 | Listen: 4

This is the 32nd Coffee Break Collection, in which Librivox readers select and read stories or poems, fiction or non-fiction pieces of fifteen minutes’ duration or less, suitable for short commutes and coffee breaks. The subject for this collection is WILDERNESS. The collection is full after 20 pieces have been submitted. [chương_files]

Pierre & Jean

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Published 1900 onward
Chapter: 9 | Listen:

This short novel’s titular characters are brothers. An old family friend dies, leaving without explanation his entire fortune to Jean, the younger brother. Pierre, the protagonist, is puzzled, jealous, and increasingly bitter. A bequest, a secret, a major decision. This, Maupassant’s fourth novel, is considered by many to be his finest. (Lee Smalley) [chương_files]

Psychological Types: Or, the Psychology of Individuation

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Psychology
Chapter: 77 | Listen: 5

Ever wondered if there is any “theoretical basis” for the well-known Myers–Briggs Type Indicator Personality Test? In this groundbreaking work of typology, Jung proposes three key dichotomies – extraversion/introversion, sensation/intuition, as well as thinking/feeling – as an attempt to reconcile the differing theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler. – Summary by Cao Yuqing [chương_files]

Human Nature and Conduct – Part 2, The Place of Impulse In Conduct

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Psychology
Chapter: 7 | Listen: 1

Part 2 describes Dewey’s concept of IMPULSES. They encompass the interaction of one’s self with the environment. When the environment encounters problems with one’s HABITS, Impulses are the motivating, innate forces which prompt one to modify habits and/or modify the environment. “Nature vs Nurture” explanations of someone’s personality are deceptive and fallacious. This stems from the human inclination to CLASSIFY things – practically everything! Innate behaviors are a collection of habits which one’s culture has solidified as Customs. Most education is not learning but rather training of one’s habits to harmonize with local customs. Human nature is plastic, malleable. Customs are, almost by definition, rigid. And, because one’s environment is always changing, customs and its supporting habits are continually being tested. Nations disintegrate when their customs grow inflexible. A MORAL ACT is one whose effects are fine tune and reorganize habits. Thought arises then when habits are hindered and only impulses are active. The basic motor of human nature and conduct is HABIT, not reason or innate instinctive drives. In Dewey’s theories of education, he asserts that education should be leading youth away from society’s dysfunctional habits. He decries the fact that our economic theories concentrate on OWNERSHIP of things rather than the ways we USE things. – Summary by William Jones, Soloist [chương_files]

G.K. Chesterton in Vanity Fair Magazine

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Essays & Short Works
Chapter: 12 | Listen: 5

A collection of 12 articles/essays that G.K. Chesterton wrote for Vanity Fair magazine in 1920-1921, under the general title “The Next/New Renascence: Thoughts on the Structure of the Future.” (Summary by Maria Therese) [chương_files]

Dry Dock of a Thousand Wrecks

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Psychology
Chapter: 16 | Listen: 5

After an introduction to the Ole Jerry McAuley Mission in the year 1912, many wonderful stories of destitute alcoholics and addicts making a quick recovery through a surrender to Christ Jesus. The book gives glimpses that the years of the highly esteemed Samuel H. Hadley have allowed for the “Evangelical Podium” to firmly take root in the Mission and is corroding the original purpose (the original purpose of this mission was to provide a place for chronic alcoholics and addicts who had spiritual experiences during incarceration to continue it outside of prison and not end up back at their old haunts after being repeatedly rejected by churches and society). The book tells of the on-goings in the new Ole Jerry McAuley Mission at 316 Water Street, NYC, during the early 1900’s. Many things seem to have changed since the 1870’s when Jerry McAuley ran the mission. First, anyone was welcome. Second, the years of sobriety touted in this book were two to five, as opposed to the decades and quarter centuries in its earlier times. Thirdly, advertising their mission, or testifying for the mission was the goal as opposed to living a spiritually guided life. This book tells of many great successes but it wasn’t achieving the same high success rate. (Summary by Curt Walton) [chương_files]

Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex

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Psychology
Chapter: 10 | Listen: 3

In this little book Freud discusses three areas of human sexuality: 1. Sexual pervisons or abberations. In this essay, Freud concludes that “a disposition to perversions is an original and universal disposition of the human sexual instinct and that…this postulated constitution, containing the germs of all the perversions, will only be demonstrable in children“. 2. His second essay on “The Infantile Sexuality”, argues that children have sexual urges, from which adult sexuality only gradually emerges via psychosexual development. Looking at children, Freud identified many forms of infantile sexual emotions, including thumb sucking, autoeroticism, and sibling rivalry in childhood. 3. In his third essay, “The Transformations of Puberty”, Freud formalized the distinction between the ‘fore-pleasures’ of infantile sexuality and the ‘end-pleasure’ of sexual intercourse. He also demonstrated how the adolescent years consolidate sexual identity under the dominance of the genitals in puberty. Originally published in 1905, Freud added significant insights over the next three editions to increase the length to about double it’s original size. This is the third and last edition published in 1920. (Summary by Phil Chenevert and Wikipedia) [chương_files]